
doi: 10.2118/231275-ms
Abstract As many advancements and technologies in hydraulic fracturing continue to make their way to the Vaca Muerta formation, Neuquen, Argentina has become home to one of the fastest growing shales plays globally. To build on the success of US unconventional, an Argentinian operator opted to incorporate real-time acoustic friction analysis as a tool for design evaluation and optimization. Real-time measurements during fracturing treatments have given the operator the ability to evaluate changes to their design. This paper presents workflows that incorporate live surface-based measurements of pipe friction, perforation friction and cluster distribution, to enable informed decision-making for improving completion strategies both in performance and economics. A simple surface set-up is used via high-frequency acoustic sensors to capture rapid rate changes (planned and unplanned). Induced tube-wave responses are decomposed to quantify pipe and perforation friction present in the system. Additional downhole performance metrics are calculated such as perforation efficiency, uniformity index, and effective flow area. The data was further validated by pressure gauge frac ball to measure the bottomhole pressure. These metrics are displayed through a local or operator-integrated dashboard and incorporated into engineered workflows tailored to operator specific formations, designs, or other variables. Real-time measurement of pipe friction, perf friction and cluster distribution allowed for a robust evaluation of 4 different completions designs. This study demonstrated the importance of the relationship between rate and effective flow area in achieving and maintaining optimal treatment distribution across the clusters. Targeting a more aggressive limited-entry approach increased perforation efficiency by 30%. As pipe friction decreases moving up the lateral, and rate increases are possible, proactively optimizing the effective flow area by adjusting the perforation scheme is imperative to maintaining uniformity in the optimal zone. This study highlights that real-time measurements-derived solely from surface-mounted acoustic sensors – provide a practical pathway toward data driven hydraulic fracturing. This modern workflow enables operators to enhance stage performance and avoid unnecessary capital exposure to under-performing stages, advancing real-time optimization beyond the conventional surface-pressure-only approach in the Vaca Muerta formation.
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