
doi: 10.2118/208719-ms
Abstract Meltable plug technology has a range of potential applications in the drilling process and is being more widely used. With over 250 jobs done to date, a variety of applications are being identified and being applied. This paper seeks to update the main areas of application to date. Bismuth alloy technology is now becoming standard technology as over 250 installations demonstrate that this is very much field proven. From onshore to deepwater environments, from drilling to completions and interventions applications through to abandonment operations, from 2″ to 28″ diameter and from 4 degC to 150 degC plug setting depth conditions, in wellbores with deviations up to 83 degrees, the technology has a wide operating envelope. Different alloy compositions are used according to the downhole conditions. In drilling a well, problems can be encountered in achieving good cement isolation from production intervals or from gas pressure in annuli. Furthermore, casing leaks can emerge and pose well integrity problems. In completing and producing a well, particularly over time, packers can leak, water cuts can increase and zonal isolations be required. This can be particularly challenging in sand control completions. Abandonment operations can be simplified and reduced in time and cost using this system. Meltable plug technology, while not a panacea for all ills, nonetheless can remediate many of these challenges. Four operators in the US have run 63 thermally deformable annulus packers in wells, then – when gas pressure developed in an annulus, activated the bismuth alloy based thermally deformable annulus packer and immediately isolated the leak. Operators have remediated poor annular cement jobs with bismuth alloy plugs. Recently, one leaking packer has been remediated using this technology, more are planned in coming months. Zonal isolations in openhole gravel pack wells using bismuth alloy plug technology have been done in several deepwater wells with good production results and more are planned. A meltable plug successfully isolated a water producing interval in a slotted liner completion with a void annulus. Abandonments have been done in many wells, with a significant program of work in the Valhall field offshore Norway playing a key part in successfully abandoning 30 wells, reducing HSE risks, time and costs. A similar program in Australia abandoning 30 wells with 55 plugs has been similarly successful and more abandonments using these techniques are planned. In addition, some wells offshore California have been abandoned using these techniques. This paper will effectively provide an updated status on the technology across the lifecycle of a well and potential future usage areas.
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