ABSTRACT Both natural and human-induced disasters significantly affect pastoral communities by disrupting socio-economic structures, ecological systems, and livelihoods. Pastoral communities in Elidar Woreda, located in the arid lowlands of the Afar Region in Ethiopia, are highly vulnerable to climate-induced disasters. This study aimed to assess the impact of disasters and its mitigation strategies in pastoral communities. Using a mixed-methods approach that included key informant interviews, field observations, and quantitative data analysis from 213. The study found that economic devastation and livelihood collapse (46.95%) were the most severe disaster impacts, followed by displacement and social disruption, food and nutrition insecurity, and environmental degradation and resource conflict. The main vulnerabilities identified were resource-based conflicts and insecurity (51.6%), livelihood over-reliance on livestock, and limited access to basic infrastructure and services. Governmental resilience strategies such as drought mitigation programs (35.2%) and water resource development were perceived as relatively effective, while livelihood support initiatives and conflict resolution mechanisms were rated less effective. On the NGO side, emergency relief aid (39.9%) was the most valued intervention, followed by livelihood diversification support and capacity-building programs. The study also revealed that indigenous knowledge systems remain central to disaster risk reduction and adaptation. Seasonal migration (38.5%), water harvesting and conservation, livestock diversification, and indigenous conflict resolution were widely practiced and considered effective by local communities. Overall, 81.2% of respondents reported these practices as either highly or moderately effective, highlighting their importance in enhancing resilience. The findings suggest that sustainable resilience-building efforts must adopt an integrated, context-specific approach that combines formal interventions with locally rooted practice. Recommendations include promoting livelihood diversification, strengthening local governance and conflict mediation systems, investing in sustainable water infrastructure, improving emergency response coordination, and formally integrating indigenous knowledge into national disaster risk reduction frameworks.