Abstract This study examines the history of Kofale Woreda in the West Arsi Zone of Oromia, Southeastern Ethiopia, from 1941 to 1991. The research aims to assess the major social, economic, and political transformations that took place during this period, with particular focus on the impact of the 1975 Land Reform Proclamation. Data for the study were gathered through a combination of primary and secondary sources, including archival materials, published and unpublished documents, and interviews with forty-two selected informants for acquiring reliable information about the study area. Additional qualitative data were obtained through focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and field observations. The collected data were analyzed using a descriptive and narrative approach. The study is organized into four main parts. The first section provides an overview of Kofale Woreda, covering its geographical setting, physical landscape, and historical background. The second part delves into the political and administrative history of the region, including the origins and social organization of the Arsi Oromo people. The third section explores the socio-economic and political transformations in Kofele Woreda, assessing the impact of significant changes such as land reforms, villagization, and the establishment of state farms on the local population. The final section concludes by summarizing the findings and evaluating the overall effect of these developments on the lives of the Arsi people in Kofale.This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the historical processes that shaped Kofale and provides valuable insights into the broader sociopolitical changes in Ethiopia during the 20th century.The aim of this thesis is also to examine the major social, economic and political transformations in Kofale woreda after 1941 land grant, taxation reforms and major historical events that took place in the study area. 1