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WormBook
Article . 2010
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Transgenic solutions for the germline

Authors: Merritt, Christopher; Seydoux, Geraldine;

Transgenic solutions for the germline

Abstract

One of the most thrilling experiments in biology is to introduce a gene of one’s own design into a favorite animal and examine the effect in the transgenic progeny. Methods to construct, transform and monitor transgenes have been available to worm breeders since the pioneering work of Andy Fire and Craig Mello (Fire, 1986; Mello and Fire, 1995) and the introduction of green fluorescent protein (GFP) by Marty Chalfie (Chalfie et al., 1994). Sadly, for many years, the thrill of “seeing green” was denied to worm breeders working on the germline, as transgenes stubbornly refused to express in germ cells. In 1997, Bill Kelly and Andy Fire showed that transgene silencing in the germline is a copy-number driven process (Kelly et al., 1997). Multi-copy transgenes are expressed in the soma but silenced in the germline; in contrast, low-copy transgenes are expressed in both. Today, new transformation methods make it possible to routinely obtain low copy transgenes inserted in the genome. In this chapter, we review these methods and give practical advice for designing and transforming “germline-ready” transgenes.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Base Sequence, Genetic Vectors, Molecular Sequence Data, Gene Transfer Techniques, DNA, Helminth, Article, Animals, Genetically Modified, Germ Cells, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, Caenorhabditis elegans

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    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Top 10%
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
62
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
Green
gold