Drought belongs to the climate extremes, which influence many branches of human activities. Selected methods of drought description and their application are reviewed in this contribution. Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) and Palmer Z-index were modified to construct spatial drought climatology for individual regions (e.g. whole territory of Czech Republic). Newhall model was used for the estimation of the soil moisture regime. Based on plausible climate change scenarios, possible projections of future drought and soil moisture regime development are presented.(In Czech, English summary only)