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Degradation of Tolonium Chloride Dye by Phosphate Ion in Aqueous Acidic Solution: Kinetic Approach

Authors: Patricia Umoru; Mohammad Lawal; Oluwayemisi Abiodun Babatunde; Yusuf Sahabı;

Degradation of Tolonium Chloride Dye by Phosphate Ion in Aqueous Acidic Solution: Kinetic Approach

Abstract

The degradation of tolonium chloride (TC+) dye by phosphate ion (PO43-) in an aqueous acidic solution was studied using spectrophotometric analysis at 301 K, I= 1.0 M, [TC+]= 1.5 × 10-5 M, [H+]= 1.0×10-3 M, and ʎmax 600 nm. To determine the potency and rate of the reactant species, an aqueous acidic medium was employed. The reaction's direction and tendency were predicted using a thermodynamic analysis at an interval of 5.0 K and a temperature range of 301-321 K. Without the presence of intermediate complex/free atoms formation, a reaction that produced phenyl sulphoxide, phenylamine, and HPO32- as products of the reaction was obtained with a molar ratio of 1:1 for both reactants. First-order tolonium chloride reactivity was found in the reaction and first-order for the phosphate ion, resulting in a second-order reaction overall. The reaction process accelerated as the concentration of hydrochloric acid rose. The response time decreased with an increase in ionic strength concentration and added Ca2+ and Cl- did catalyze the reaction positively. A straight line that went through the origin was produced by plotting 1/ko vs PO43- concentration. The spectroscopic analysis showed no discernible shift from λmax of 600 nm. Additionally, an increase in temperature accelerated the reaction process. The reaction has a negative free energy change, G (-3.13–1.12 KJ/mol) which indicates that it is spontaneous and that the reactants have more free energy than that of the products. While the enthalpy of activation, H is positive and indicates that the reaction was endothermic and followed an associative path, the entropy of activation, S, is also negative (-7.45–1.10 KJ/mol), indicating that the reaction is less disordered. Due to the added ions catalysis and absence of free atoms during the course of the reaction, an outer-sphere mechanism was suggested for the reaction.

Keywords

İnorganik Malzemeler, Degradation;Tolonium chloride;Phosphate ion;Acidic Medium, Inorganic Materials

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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