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Insights from Cranes (Gruidae) for Human- Wildlife Coexistence

Integrating Conservation and Crop Damage Prevention into Multi-Objective Management of Agricultural Landscapes
Authors: Hemminger, Karoline;

Insights from Cranes (Gruidae) for Human- Wildlife Coexistence

Abstract

Weltweit existieren 15 Kranicharten, die sowohl Feuchtgebiete als auch Agrarflächen nutzen und dadurch stark vom landwirtschaftlichen Management beeinflusst werden. Naturschutzgebiete allein reichen für den Schutz dieser Arten nicht aus, da Kraniche weite Strecken zur Nahrungssuche zurücklegen und zunehmend Agrarflächen nutzen, was zu Ernteschäden und finanziellen Verlusten für landwirtschaftliche Betriebe führt. Für bedrohte Arten wie Weißnackenkranich (Antigone vipio) und Mandschurenkranich (Grus japonensis) ist der Schutz von Feuchtgebieten und traditionellen Reisanbauflächen essenziell. Für wachsende Populationen wie beim Grauen Kranich hat die Reduktion von Ernteschäden Priorität. Ziel der Dissertation ist es, die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Kranichen und Landwirtschaft zu analysieren und Empfehlungen für eine Koexistenz zu entwickeln. Kapitel 2 fasst anhand einer systematischen Literaturanalyse die Wechselwirkungen von Landnutzungsänderungen und Kranichpopulationen zusammen. Zwei Hauptpfade wurden identifiziert: Habitatverlust schadet spezialisierten Arten, während die Ausweitung landwirtschaftlicher Flächen generalistischen Arten bevorteilt. Die Anpassungsfähigkeit an Agrarlandschaften beeinflusst die Populationsentwicklung maßgeblich. Kapitel 3 und 4 untersuchen die Civilian Control Zone in Korea, ein Kranich-Überwinterungsgebiet. Soziale Netzwerkanalysen zeigen, dass lokale Projekte und finanzielle Anreize die Zusammenarbeit und Akzeptanz fördern. Für den Erhalt des essenziellen Habitats sind langfristig aber neue institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen nötig. Kapitel 5 zeigt, dass finanzielle Entschädigungen die Toleranz von Landwirt*Innen erhöhen können, deren Wirksamkeit jedoch von individuellen Werten und Verwaltungsaufwand abhängt. Effektives Management muss Prävention, Toleranzförderung und mögliche negative Effekte von Ablenkungsfütterung berücksichtigen, um nachhaltige Koexistenz zu ermöglichen.

Cranes are highly mobile birds that use both wetlands and agricultural lands, making them sensitive to farming practices in positive and negative ways. Of the world’s 15 crane species, 11 are endangered, mainly due to wetland loss from agricultural expansion, though some populations like the common crane (Grus grus) are increasing. Protected areas alone are insufficient, as cranes often forage in farmlands, leading to crop damage and financial losses for farmers. For declining species such as the white-naped (Antigone vipio) and red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis), protecting wetlands and traditional foraging areas is vital. For expanding species, reducing crop damage is the main challenge. Integrating conservation and agriculture across landscapes is essential for coexistence. This dissertation examines crane-agriculture interactions and offers management recommendations. Chapter 2 reviews 135 studies on land-use change and crane populations, revealing two main pathways: habitat loss harms specialists, while agricultural expansion benefits generalist species. Crane adaptability to farmlands shapes population trends. Chapters 3 and 4 focus on Korea’s Civilian Control Zone, a key wintering site. Social network analysis shows that community-led farming and price premiums for crane-friendly rice promote local stewardship. Policy changes have institutionalized payments for ecosystem services, but long-term conservation needs frameworks to protect traditional rice farming. Chapter 5 analyzes crop damage perceptions in Sweden and Germany, showing that compensation can increase farmer tolerance, though its effectiveness depends on farmer values and efforts for administration. Effective crane conservation needs strategies beyond protected areas, combining crop damage prevention and stakeholder engagement to enable coexistence in shared landscapes.

Keywords

630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche, 301 Soziologie und Anthropologie, Psychologisches Modell, nachhaltige Landwirtschaft, Kristianstad Vattenrike, AR 13370, Biosphere Reserves, 570 Biologie, ZA 51200, Human-Wildlife Interactions, Environmental Stress Model, Kristianstad-Vattenrike, Mensch-Wildtier-Interaktionen, wildlife-friendly agriculture, Demilitarized Zone, Biodiversität, WS 2120, Biosphärenreservate, Demilitarisierte Zone, Schaalsee, biodiversity

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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