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https://dx.doi.org/10.18452/31...
Doctoral thesis . 2025
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Form, Function and Evolution of the hypercarnivorous Gorgonopsia (Therapsida, Synapsida)

Authors: Bendel, Eva-Maria;

Form, Function and Evolution of the hypercarnivorous Gorgonopsia (Therapsida, Synapsida)

Abstract

Die Gorgonopsia waren eine rätselhafte Gruppe fleischfressender Tetrapoden mit stark verlängerten Eckzähnen, die im mittleren und späten Perm lebten und am Ende dieser Epoche ausstarben. Wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zu ihrer Anatomie, Ökologie und Evolution sind weiterhin unvollständig. Diese Dissertation fasst drei von Experten begutachtete Artikel zusammen, die in Zusammenarbeit mit meinen Ko-Autoren entstanden sind und ihre Anatomie, Ökologie und Evolution untersuchen. In der ersten Arbeit untersuchten wir ein nahezu vollständiges Skelett eines Gorgonopsiers (Gorgonops torvus) und lieferten eine der wenigen detaillierten Beschreibungen des postkranialen Skeletts. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Gorgonops wahrscheinlich ein Lauerjäger war, der seine Beute sowohl mit seinen verlängerten Eckzähnen als auch mit seinen robusten Vorderbeinen überwältigte. Zudem schlugen wir neue Apomorphien für Gorgonops torvus vor und identifizierten bisher unbekannte Variationen in der postkranialen Anatomie der Gorgonopsia. Die zweite Arbeit untersucht die Evolution des Brustbeins (Sternum) bei den Synapsida. Wir beschrieben das früheste Vorkommen eines mehrgliedrigen Brustbeins und betonten seine Bedeutung für die Entwicklung einer effektiveren Atmung und Fortbewegung, wie sie für moderne Säugetiere charakteristisch ist. Die letzte Arbeit befasste sich mit biomechanischen Simulationen und untersuchte, wie verschiedene Tiere mit hypertrophierten Eckzähnen, darunter Gorgonopsia, oberflächlich ähnliche Schädel- und Zahnformen unterschiedlich nutzten. Wir fanden erhebliche Unterschiede zwischen den untersuchten Gruppen in den Parametern Gaumenwinkel, Biegefestigkeit und Bisskraft und identifizierten unterschiedliche evolutionäre Trends. Bei Gorgonopsia zeigte sich eine zunehmende Bisskraft über die Zeit. Gemeinsam liefern diese Studien neue Einblicke in die Anpassungen, ökologische Rollen und die Evolutionsgeschichte der Gorgonopsia und bieten eine Grundlage für zukünftige Synapsidenforschung.

Gorgonopsia were an enigmatic group of carnivorous tetrapods with highly elongated canines that lived during the middle and late Permian and went extinct at the end of this era. Scientific knowledge about their anatomy, ecology, and evolution remains incomplete. This thesis summarizes three peer-reviewed articles, co-authored with colleagues, that investigate their anatomy, ecology, and evolution. In the first paper, we analyzed a nearly complete skeleton of a gorgonopsian (Gorgonops torvus) and provided one of the few detailed descriptions of its postcranial skeleton. Our findings suggest that Gorgonops was an ambush predator, using both its elongated canines and robust forelimbs to overwhelm prey. We also proposed new apomorphies for Gorgonops torvus and identified previously unknown variations in postcranial anatomy across Gorgonopsia. The second paper examines the evolution of the sternum in Synapsida. We described the earliest multipartite sternum and highlighted its role in the evolutionary development of efficient breathing and locomotion in modern mammals. The final paper used 3D biomechanical modeling to investigate how animals with hypertrophied canines, including Gorgonopsia, utilized similar skull and tooth morphologies in different ways. We found significant variation in gape angle, bending strength, and bite force across clades and identified evolutionary trends, with Gorgonopsia showing increased bite force over time. Together, these studies offer new insights into the adaptations, ecological roles, and evolutionary history of Gorgonopsia, providing a foundation for future synapsid research.

Country
Germany
Related Organizations
Keywords

560 Paläontologie, Gorgonopsia, Therapsiden, Synapsida, Therapsida, Permian, ddc:560, Perm, Synapsiden

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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