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Consorcio microbiano autóctono para el tratamiento de aguas contaminadas con gasoil del puerto de Isla de Toas (Venezuela)

Authors: Laugeny Chiquinquirá Díaz-Borrego; Julio César Marín Leal; Desiree Alejandra Alburgue Díaz; Sedolfo José Carrasquero Ferrer; Ever Dario Morales Avendaño;

Consorcio microbiano autóctono para el tratamiento de aguas contaminadas con gasoil del puerto de Isla de Toas (Venezuela)

Abstract

El tratamiento biológico de aguas contaminadas mediante consorcios microbianos autóctonos, aprovecha las potencialidades metabólicas de grupos distintos de microorganismos para degradar y/o remover una amplia variedad de compuestos. Adicionalmente, las técnicas de bioestimulación y bioaumentación contribuyen a potenciar las capacidades de estos procesos de biodegradación. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en evaluar la utilización de un consorcio microbiano autóctono (Chlorella spp.-bacterias) para el tratamiento de aguas del puerto de Isla de Toas (Lago de Maracaibo, Venezuela), contaminadas con 1% v/v de gasoil. Para ello, se usaron dos tratamientos (T1: bioestimulado y T2: bioaumentado) y un control por 70 días, a escala de 20 L y condiciones ambientales controladas. Durante los ensayos se monitorearon: temperatura, pH, demanda química de oxígeno (DQO), nitrito, nitrato, nitrógeno total Kjeldahl, nitrógeno total (N-total), ortofosfato, fósforo total (P-total), hidrocarburos totales del petróleo (HTP), fracciones de hidrocarburos (SARA), densidad microalgal y bacteriana, y pigmentos fotosintéticos, de acuerdo con los métodos estandarizados. Los valores medios para la remoción de materia orgánica (DQO), N-total y P-total, fueron: 23,3±2,3; 35,2±4,5 y 64,6±4,8%, de 27,6±1,64; 79,8±2,05 y 87,7±1,95%, y de <0,1; 16,1±0,38 y 44,7±1,18%, para el control, T1 y T2, respectivamente. Las concentraciones finales de HTP estuvieron por encima del límite permisible de la normativa venezolana para descarga a cuerpos de aguas naturales, no obstante, se obtuvieron altas tasas de remoción de hidrocarburos saturados y aromáticos (>70%), particularmente en el tratamiento bioaumentado (T2). Los consorcios microbianos autóctonos poseen gran potencial para la biorrecuperación del agua del puerto de Isla de Toas, contaminada con hidrocarburos del petróleo, por lo cual se recomienda continuar investigando sobre esta tecnología de tratamiento.

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Keywords

degradación microbiana, bioaumentación, Science, Q, hidrocarburos, bioestimulación, metabolismo mixotrófico, tratamiento biológico, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), mixotrophic metabolism, hydrocarbons, biological treatment, TA1-2040, bioaugmentation, microbial degradation, biostimulation

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Average
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