The work reviews the different ideological visions in relation to childhood and adolescence since the feeling of compassion, the concept of social investment, the role of NGOs and the emergent approach based on children's rights. The paper also deals with the tensions and conflicts between children and adolescents on on one hand and the system of representative democracy on the other. The central argument all across the paper is based on Michael Foucault's approach on boys and girls as victims of the biopolitics of disciplinary control and since the adolescence, for the process of building up its subjectivity as "fastened subjects". In its turn, the approach based on children's rights can not surpass what Giorgio Agamben has called the « State of Emergency » in which the legal system includes and excluudes those who are présupposed to be defended. Following Agamben´s arguments, it seems to emergen the "Child Sacer" as the one that since old times can be sacrificed or drastically disciplined and nobody can be legally demanded for directly causing such a situation. Order to overcome the state of defencelessness it is argued that there is a need for a new strategy based on an adequate equilibrium between autonomy and heteronomy in all educational processes jointly with a continuous political fight to conquer children's rights.

The work reviews the different ideological visions in relation to childhood and adolescence since the feeling of compassion, the concept of social investment, the role of NGOs and the emergent approach based on children's rights. The paper also deals with the tensions and conflicts between children and adolescents on one hand and the system of representative democracy on the other. The central argument all across the paper is based on Michael Foucault's approach on boys and girls as victims of the biopolitics of disciplinary control and since the adolescence, for the process of building up its subjectivity as "fastened subjects". In its turn, the approach based on children's rights can not surpass what Giorgio Agamben has called the "State of Emergency" in which the legal system includes and excludes those who are presupposed to be defended. Following Agamben´s arguments, it seems to emerge the "Child Sacer" as the one that since old times can be sacrificed or drastically disciplined and nobody can be legally demanded for directly causing such a situation. In order to overcome the state of defencelessness it is argued that there is a need for a new strategy based on an adequate equilibrium between autonomy and heteronomy in all educational processes jointly with a continuous political fight to conquer children's rights.

The work reviews the different ideological visions in relation to childhood and adolescence since the feeling of compassion, the concept of social investment, the role of NGOs and the emerging approach based on children's rights. The paper also deals with the tensions and conflicts between children and adolescents on one hand and the system of representative democracy on the other. The central argument all across the paper is based on Michael Foucault's approach on boys and girls as victims of the biopolitics of disciplinary control and since the adolescence, for the process of building up its subjectivity as "fastened subjects". In its turn, the approach based on children's rights cannot surpass what Giorgio Agamben has called the "State of Emergency" in which the legal system includes and excludes those who are presupposed to be defended. Following Agamben's arguments, it seems to emerge the "Child Sacer" as the one that since old times can be sacrificed or drastically disciplined and nobody can be legally demanded for directly causing such a situation. In order to overcome the state of defencelessness it is argued that there is a need for a new strategy based on an adequate equilibrium between autonomy and heteronomy in all educational processes together with a continuous political fight to conquer children's rights.

يستعرض العمل الرؤى الأيديولوجية المختلفة فيما يتعلق بالطفولة والمراهقة منذ الشعور بالتعاطف ومفهوم الاستثمار الاجتماعي ودور المنظمات غير الحكومية والنهج الناشئ القائم على حقوق الطفل. كما تتناول الورقة التوترات والصراعات بين الأطفال والمراهقين من جهة ونظام الديمقراطية التمثيلية من جهة أخرى. تستند الحجة المركزية في جميع أنحاء الورقة إلى نهج مايكل فوكو بشأن الفتيان والفتيات كضحايا للسياسة الحيوية للرقابة التأديبية ومنذ مرحلة المراهقة، لعملية بناء ذاتيتها باعتبارها "موضوعات مثبتة". وبدوره، لا يمكن للنهج القائم على حقوق الطفل أن يتجاوز ما أسماه جورجيو أغامبين "حالة الطوارئ" التي يشمل فيها النظام القانوني ويستبعد أولئك الذين يفترض الدفاع عنهم. بعد حجج أغامبين، يبدو أن "صانع الأطفال" هو الذي يمكن التضحية به أو تأديبه بشكل جذري منذ العصور القديمة ولا يمكن مطالبة أي شخص قانونيًا بالتسبب المباشر في مثل هذا الموقف. من أجل التغلب على حالة العجز، يُقال إن هناك حاجة إلى استراتيجية جديدة تستند إلى توازن مناسب بين الاستقلال الذاتي والتغاير في جميع العمليات التعليمية جنبًا إلى جنب مع الكفاح السياسي المستمر لقهر حقوق الطفل.