This review article throws a light on the background of theoretical and clinical aspects of apicoectomy procedure. Apicoectomy is also known as root resection, which means amputation of the apex of the root and is considered as a part of peiradicular surgery. The periradicular surgery is a standard oral surgical procedure which includes surgical treatment of area surrounding root and is done when conventional root canal treatment does not suffice the infection. This procedure includes three important steps to eliminate persistent endodontic pathogens: surgical debridement of pathological periradicular tissue, root-end resection (apicoectomy), and retrograde root canal obturation (root-end filling). There is a plethora of literature on the clinical studies and case reports on apicoectomy procedure; our review adds an imperative segment to this standard protocol used in pediatric endodontics and the objective is to give the reader an acquaintance about apical surgery with latest updates.