Radionuclide diagnostics and therapy with open radionuclide sources are one of the most promising and fast-growing areas ofmodern oncology. The paper presents the main achievements of the N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, one of the leading departments of radionuclide diagnostics in Russia. Scientific and clinical results of using the new hybrid device in everyday clinical practice have been submitted. The advantages and opportunities of using hybrid SPECT-CT and PET-CT devices to diagnose different types of cancer, to assess the degree of its spread and to monitor the results of therapy have been demonstrated. The problems associated with the demand for new radiopharmaceuticals in practice have been highlighted. The need to simplify normative documents regulating the use of modern therapeutic radionuclide drugs has been substantiated.