Analysis of lymphoid leukemia incidence in various regions of the world allows for the identification of significant trends and differences, which can be useful for further research and the development of measures for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. According to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), lymphoid leukemias (LL) are classified under category C91, with subcategories 0, 1-9. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) – subcategory C91.1 – accounts for the majority of patients in this category, representing approximately 70% of all LL cases, while acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) – subcategory C91.0 – accounts for approximately 25%. Lymphoid leukemias are cancers of the hematopoietic system. The disease develops in the bone marrow, where blood cells are normally renewed in a balanced manner, but when the formation of healthy cells is disrupted, a vast number of immature white blood cells are produced, leading to anemia. Immature lympholeukemic cells enter the bloodstream and lymphatic system, affecting the entire body. Therefore, ALL and CLL are considered systemic malignant diseases. The aim of the study is to investigate the characteristics of LL prevalence among different age groups of the population, the nature of annual mortality rates, and the dynamics of observed and relative one-year and five-year survival rates of LL patients, considering the patients’ sex, histological structure, and place of residence. The conducted study confirmed an increase in the incidence of LL (C91) in the Russian population in absolute numbers and “crude” rates by 6% and 5%, respectively, which mainly increased due to the ongoing aging process of the population. The growth of the standardized incidence rate of LL (C91) over 11 years in the country amounted to 0.69%. Over four five-year observation periods, a significant decrease in the mortality rate of LL (C91) patients in the first year of observation from 21.4% to 16.6%, or 22.43%, and in the fifth year of observation over three periods by 19.61% was established.