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Salud Mental
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Inteligencia para la alimentación, alimentación para la inteligencia

Authors: Oscar Prospéro-García; Mónica Méndez Díaz; Ilia Alvarado Capuleño; Marcel Pérez Morales; Jehú López Juárez; Alejandra E. Ruiz Contreras;

Inteligencia para la alimentación, alimentación para la inteligencia

Abstract

Comer es una conducta dirigida a conseguir la energía para llevar a cabo las funciones que mantienen al organismo y le permiten contender contra las demandas del medio. Debido a que nuestro organismo evolucionó dentro de un ambiente con escasez de alimentos, los genes que nos adaptaron al medio fueron los que promueven el almacenamiento y optimización de los nutrientes, así como aquellos que promueven la habilidad de generar estrategias de cacería y otras conductas orientadas a ese objetivo. Estos mecanismos fisiológicos y bioquímicos incluyen una amplia variedad de genes, desde aquellos que codifican para enzimas que almacenan el glucógeno hasta enzimas que sintetizan o degradan a los neurotransmisores. Diversos sistemas cerebrales regulan la ingestión del alimento: El homeostásico involucra al hipotálamo lateral como promotor de la ingestión de alimento por medio de neuronas orexinérgicas y MCHérgicas, al núcleo arcuato que sintetiza y libera neuropéptido Y y al péptido relacionado al gen agouti y como promotor de la saciedad a través de la POMC y del CART. Diferentes hormonas y proteínas hipotalámicas participan en la función del sistema hedónico compuesto por el área ventral tegmental y el núcleo accumbens, produciéndose un diálogo entre los sistemas homeostásico y hedónico. Otros sistemas cerebrales que participan son la amígdala y el lóbulo de la ínsula que promueven la selección de los alimentos con base en la experiencia. La corteza prefrontal participa en la preferencia por los alimentos y la toma de decisiones tales como qué, cuándo y dónde comer. Es importante reconocer que los sistemas neuroquímicos que regulan la ingestión del alimento también participan en funciones cognitivas y que la falla en estos sistemas afecta la forma en que el individuo elige su alimentación y, a su vez, el estado cognitivo del sujeto. Por lo tanto, la psicoeducación para regular los hábitos alimenticios debe ser una prioridad en el campo de la medicina.

Keywords

amígdala, Medicina, ínsula, corteza prefrontal, hipotálamo, corteza órbitofrontal

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    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
5
Average
Average
Average
Green
gold