Technological advances in biometric calculation, surgical techniques, phacoemulsification equipment, and intraocular lenses (IOLs) have made cataract surgery essentially a refractive procedure, which aims not only to gain more postoperative lines of visual acuity but also better visual quality. When considering visual acuity, it is essential to go beyond the Snellen chart and use aberrometry concepts. This update by the Literature Review Group of the Brazilian Society for Cataract and Refractive Surgery aims to emphasize the importance of preoperative aberrometry examinations in patients who are scheduled to undergo cataract surgery because of its ability to optimize surgical planning and to enable a better selection of IOLs.