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Auslegung a Journal of Philosophy
Article . 1992 . Peer-reviewed
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A Congery of Self-Reference

Authors: Patrick Rardin;

A Congery of Self-Reference

Abstract

Grelling's paradox of heterological predicate adjectives is as follows. Some predicate adjectives refer to themselves. For example, 'English' is English, 'polysyllabic' is polysyllabic, and 'orthographic' is orthographic. Let us refer to all such self-referring predicate adjectives as homological predicate adjectives. On the other hand, some predicate adjectives do not refer to themselves. For example, 'German' is not German, 'monosyllabic' is not monosyllabic, and 'misspelled' is not misspelled. Let us refer to all of these non-self-referring predicate adjectives as heterological predicate adjectives. Our newly introduced predicate adjectives 'homological' and 'heterological' provide a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive partition of predicate adjectives. A predicate adjective is homological if and only if it is not heterological. We now must ask, are 'heterological' and 'homological' either heterological or homological? If 'heterological' is heterological then it is homological because it refers to itself. If 'heterological' is homological then it is heterological because of what it means to be homological. What follows is a self-contradiction. 'Heterological' is heterological if and only if it is not heterological. For some philosophers, Grelling's paradox is an antinomy, a selfcontradiction which results from an intuitively acceptable pattern of reasoning. As an antinomy, it calls for a revision in the responsible patterns of reasoning.! How much of a revision is called for depends on the method used to avoid the self-contradiction. Within an extensionalist philosophy, the most economical method comes from the work of Bertrand Russell and Alfred Tarski.2 It calls for a hierarchy of languages which are constructed so that any discussion of the referential structure of a given language is carried out in a different, more inclusive language. By being banished from the language in which we find our familiar self-referring predicate adjectives, 'heterological' and 'homological' are not longer the subjects of a heterological/homological classification.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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