Artificial Intelligence (AI) consists of setting different technics together aimed at allowing machines to simulate human cognitive fonctions, mimic human brain functions, sometime its logic, when it comes to answer to an interrogation, to take decisions or to anticipate events. This new fonction, after being used in numerous daily life domains (geo-guides, personal assistants, administratif procedures) comes now in the medical area. The press exaggerations on those systems doesn't have any wise and thoughtful judgment. This article will talk about the question of the real uses and expertise capacities which the AI should be able to provide in our area. Through the history of cognitive science and ideas, the recension of important works on the AI developments, we want to put in perspective the promises and opportunities provided to modify or complete the expertise in orthodontics. The willingness to extend cognitive and action abilities is older than what the comma historiography of the AI let us think. The recent development of computer systems, algorithmic science and databases allowed the development of a branch of the artificial intelligent giving, in some cases, seemingly undeniable results which should not be extrapolated because of the weakness of our databases, the current economic model and their real use.