Asphalt structures have to comply with requirements from different parties involved and for changing conditions. This compliance is realised by properties and composition of the basic materials. Several methods have been developed for defining these properties and optimising composition. Broad classes that can be distinguished are: empirical models for numerical prediction of mechanical properties; mix volumetric based on grading and aggregate and binder volumes; and spatial considerations for a more general understanding and making use of less quantifed methods than the empirical and volumetric methods, e.g. image analysis. In this paper, general considerations are presented for improved mix design, production control and prediction of performance properties based on the spatial approach. These considerations are made from basic components to in field situations. The emphasis is on understanding relations and discrepancies between all of these items. Examples are given of the use of the spatial approach from mix design to the performance of the material in the construction. For the covering abstract see ITRD E117423.