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Joseph Leidy entre dois paradigmas da Paleontologia

Authors: Faria, Felipe;

Joseph Leidy entre dois paradigmas da Paleontologia

Abstract

Com a aceitação dos métodos e programas de pesquisa desenvolvidos por Georges Cuvier para o estudo dos fósseis, a Paleontologia teve seu primeiro paradigma kuhniano instalado. Joseph Leidy iniciou seus trabalhos sob esta orientação teórica e metodológica e praticou, no âmbito da Paleontologia, o que Thomas Kuhn denominou de ciência normal. Entretanto, com o acúmulo de dados provenientes de seus trabalhos taxonômicos, Leidy identificou algumas questões que não podiam ser respondidas sob a luz do paradigma cuvieriano. Somente o novo paradigma, o evolutivo, podia respondê-las e, desta forma, Leidy aderiu às teorias evolucionistas de Charles Darwin. Este processo de transição de um naturalista treinado sob uma orientação, e que passa a trabalhar sob uma nova, é analisado neste trabalho, levando-se em consideração as peculiaridades da aplicação da estrutura prevista por Kuhn em uma disciplina como a Paleontologia. Diferentemente do rompimento epistemológico previsto por Kuhn, na mudança de paradigma na Paleontologia, diversos paleontólogos continuaram a trabalhar orientados pelo velho paradigma, mas produzindo dados utilizáveis pelos evolucionistas. Leidy foi um deles, porém sua transição foi mais adiante, pois, a partir de 1859, gradualmente, ele começou a utilizar relações de ancestralidade e a seleção natural como explicações para as semelhanças morfológicas existentes entre as espécies que se sucederam ao longo da história da vida.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Ancestry, Ancestralidade, Fósseis, Fossils, Evolucionismo, Social Sciences, Paradigma, Seleção Natural, F1201-3799, Paradigm, H, Natural Selection, Latin America. Spanish America, Evolutionism

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Average
Average
Average
Green
gold