ABSTRACT Objective: to present the history of the Brazilian Speech Therapy and Audiology Congress, exposing its organization and characterizing part of the scientific production published in its annals in the last ten years. Methods: a theoretical, descriptive-exploratory study, with a bibliographic data source. The analysis was based on data available on the website of the Brazilian Society of Speech Therapy and Audiology, and restricted to the last ten years. The findings considered the year of publication, the publication category and the study area. The statistical analysis applied the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: since 2006 eleven specialties have been recognized. The areas available for submitting papers changed between 2008 and 2011. From 2012 to 2017, 7,296 participants and 5,166 publications were identified. A decrease in both publications and participants is seen since 2014. In 2017, the number of papers was higher than the number of participants. Submissions in the "thesis/dissertation" category increased by 110%. Papers of a specific field related to the human voice presented the highest number of papers in the period. Conclusion: the increase in the number of specialists, added to technological advances, may partially justify a reduction in the number of participants; however, new relocations are necessary as a way to keep the event up to date and attractive, in face of the profession’s new trends.