The discovery of incretins − glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotrop peptide (GIP) −, clarification of their physiological properties as well as therapeutic application of incretin-based blood glucose lowering drugs opened new perspectives in the medical management of type 2 diabetes. New results of basic research investigations led to revaluation of the role of GIP in metabolic processes and a more established use of GLP-1 action. The article overviews the most relevant data of production and effects of incretins, as well as future possibilities of their therapeutic use. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1922–1930.