This article examines the miserable situation of destruction and Azov Seas Tsymlyansk in the last half century. Shows the history of the world's first preserved fish prostoranstva and lifestyle of the indigenous population of the Don - the Cossacks, who later became an example of environmental management. Taking into account the latest scientific achievements in the field of sustainable development proposes the creation of a national natural park of sturgeon. Given the criticism of the existing inefficient environmental management and the inadequacy of measures taken for the protection of aquatic ecosystems suggests a solution to ensure the environmental safety of the Don Cossacks by government as the target of public service.