Several DSC studies have given a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of interaction of many non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), such as indomethacin, ibuprofen, naproxen, nimesulide, ketoprofen and oxicam drugs with cell membranes or with simplified phospholipid-based biomembrane models.The consequent changes in the organization, fluidity and permeability of these membranes can, in some instances, be related to the pharmacological profile and toxicology of this drug class. The literature also attests the usefulness of DSC methods in studying the interaction of NSAID-loaded delivery systems (polymeric micro- and nanoparticles, micelles, lipid nanoparticles and prodrugs) with biomembrane models. DSC is also a valid tool for following the release of an anti-inflammatory drug from its carrier.