Local self-government is an important component of the democratic system in Ukraine, and Odesa and the Odesa region are no exception. This article examines the peculiarities of local self-government in Odesa and the Odesa region. One of the peculiarities of local self-government in Odesa and the Odesa region is the presence of many local initiatives and community organizations that actively participate in their territories’ development. This allows for more resources and ideas to be mobilized to address the problems faced by the city and region. If local self-government is successfully implemented in Odesa and the Odesa region, it could serve as an example for other regions in Ukraine. However, in order to achieve success, it is necessary to ensure the effective functioning of local government bodies, to increase the level of citizens’ participation in the decentralization process, reform local self-government, define the powers of local authorities, establish the local self-government budget, and conduct local elections.