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Fatigue of Ball-Joint Rods for External Fixation

Authors: GD Donald; D Seligson; CA Brown;

Fatigue of Ball-Joint Rods for External Fixation

Abstract

Twenty-three Hoffmann ball-joint rods were subjected to sinusoidal loads, each at approximately constant amplitude, between ±400 and ±975 N at a frequency of 5 Hz. Ball-joint rod compliance was plotted against number of cycles for each specimen. The point of component failure was defined as an increase of compliance of 5% from its initial value. Fractographic methods were employed to substantiate a similarity of failure mode in specimens tested and a clear difference from non-tested specimens taken to failure. Experimental loads and number of cycles to failure were well within the clinical range. The fatigue limit of the ball-joint rods is less than 400 N (550 N/mm2). The likelihood of a given component failing is not predictable by inspection or manual manipulation.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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