The aim of this study is to integrate a psychosomatic approach in the investigation of causes for preterm deliveries.A prospective study including 589 pregnant women between the 13(th) and the 24(th) gestation week (GW) was performed. In addition to medical and sociodemographic risk factors for preterm birth, factors such as biographical information, coping strategies and personality factors, pregnancy-related attitudes and anxieties as well as the pregnant women's social environment were examined. A factor analysis was performed using a principal component method with subsequent varimax rotation.Psychosocial variables were found to have a significant influence on the course of pregnancy and delivery. A total of 29 pregnant women (5.8%) delivered prematurely before they completed the 37(th) GW. Lack of support, poor emotional understanding by the partner, and additional stress subsequent to gynecological disorders were significantly associated with prematurity delivery. Pregnancy-related fears and general anxiety were additional significant predictors for preterm delivery.Partner relationships, women's support groups, psychosomatic reactions due to problems with reproductive functions, and anxiety deserve special attention for the prevention of preterm birth.