This book examines the ideals, institutions, and processes that shape the development of a concrete Muslim-based democratic system–a form of democracy that recognises the centrality of religion in Muslim societies. The first part explores Islamic political writings and multiculturalist political theory. The connections between the internal mechanisms of rethinking Islamic approaches to democratic governance and multiculturalist debates about the depth of democratic practice in relation to complex religious settings are illustrated. The second part of the book, chapter 3, questions the customary characterisations of Islam’s compatibility with democracy. It proceeds to lay the ground for reconstructing a democratic theory that accommodates Muslim public needs and demands. The final part, through three separate yet interrelated chapters, undertakes a cross-fertilisation of Islamic and Western multiculturalist political thought through a systematic study of the debates concerning secularism, the public sphere, and constitutionalism. This approach enables the articulation of Muslim democracy through political theory rather than theology. A Political Theory of Muslim Democracy makes the call to rethink democracy from merely instrumental and the image of Islam as monolithic to the necessity of establishing the normative roots of Muslim democracy.