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Semi-fragile watermark for sensor data

Authors: Ibrahim Kamel; Osama AlKoky;

Semi-fragile watermark for sensor data

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel semi-fragile watermarking technique for sensor data. The proposed watermarking technique embeds the secret watermark in the order of the data readings rather than the data values themselves, thus, does not cause distortion to the transmitted data values. Transmitted data readings are organised in groups of fixed length. The watermarking algorithm then reorders data readings relative to each other according to the value of the secret watermark. The proposed scheme tolerates minor changes that might be caused by channel error. In case of a single attack, the proposed technique can identify the victim element with high probability. The paper provides detailed security analysis to show the robustness of the proposed techniques against various types of attacks. Extensive experiments are performed to measure the attack detection and victim identification rate. The execution time of the watermark embedding and integrity check is also shown.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Average
Average
Average
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