This chapter aligns with the broader themes of the book (accountability, representation and substantive equality) in that it explores the complexities of democracy in a society marked by historical inequalities and social divisions. By focusing on the experiences of both indigenous minorities and majorities, the chapter sheds light on the ways in which power dynamics may shape access to basic services, development opportunities and political participation. The chapter argues that a nuanced understanding of these dynamics is essential for assessing the true impact of South Africa’s democratic transition and for identifying the challenges that remain in achieving substantive equality for all citizens.