The aim of the text is to reconstruct those aspects of Roberto Esposito’s philosophy that build the core of his theory. The reconstruction focuses on the concepts of communization, immunization, modernity and biopolitics and tries to explicate the relationship between these terms. The element that binds commu- nization and immunization is negativity, that at the same time makes the common life possible and presents the biggest threat to community. Because the dialectics between community and immunity touches the relation between life and death, the problem of community involves the question of biopolitics.