Summary: The article presents an overview of the main methods of economic modelling used in scientific research over the past twenty years. This overview does not claim to cover all areas, methods and models used in scientific research in the field of economics, since it is impossible to do within a single article. We consider mathematical modelling of only two branches of economic theory: macroeconomics and microeconomics. At the same time, we present no literature review of methods and models of research in the section of microeconomics, which take place in the tools of scientific research, but were described in the section of macroeconomics. We believe that this review is useful to scientists engaged in the indirect study of economic phenomena and processes.