The high flowability of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) is often achieved by reducing the amount of coarse aggregate and using more water. This can lower concrete strength. This study investigates the behavior of SCC columns under concentric compression by testing two series of column specimens. The first series contained 16 columns made with normal concrete (NC), and the second 16 columns were made with SCC. In the study, the amount of coarse aggregate in SCC was kept approximately the same as in NC and the amount of water was kept as low as possible. The test variables included the concrete strength, amount of longitudinal reinforcement, volumetric ratio of transverse reinforcement, strength of transverse reinforcement, and arrangement of transverse reinforcement. Comparisons were made between the SCC and NC specimens. Behavior of the SCC used in this study was also compared with that of high-flowability concretes in other studies. The results show that SCC can have better structural performance than NC, as long as the concrete is properly proportioned. The ductility and crack control ability of SCC columns are better than NC columns, and the stiffness of SCC is also higher than that of NC. The larger amount of coarse aggregate improves the mechanical behavior of the SCC in this study compared with other SCC. These findings indicate that the SCC in this study showed satisfactory structural performance.