Mesenteric vein thrombosis is caused by venous stasis, mesenteric venous wall injury, and systemic prothrombic conditions. It impairs venous return of intestine, causing various degrees of abdominal pain caused by bowel ischemia. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of mesenteric venous thrombosis can lead to bowel necrosis and even life-threatening condition. The current article includes the pathophysiology, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, and therapeutic approach of mesenteric vein thrombosis.