The birth of a full-fledged viable offspring is directly dependent on the state of the mother's body. Since the earliest periods of pregnancy, many factors of the external and internal environment have an effect on the intrauterine development of the fetus. Successful completion of pregnancy and the birth of healthy offspring are possible with a balanced metabolism and the satisfaction of all the needs of the mother's body. In this process, a large role is played by carbohydrates, and in particular glucose, which is intensively used by the intrauterine developing embryo. Glucose deficiency in the mother's body can inhibit the development and even cause early death of the offspring. Therefore, given the importance of glucose for a developing organism, this review discusses issues related to its metabolism and regulation during pregnancy.