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Alergia alimentar: reações e métodos diagnósticos

Authors: Rhaíssa Evelyn Moraes Ramos; Nilza Rejane Sellaro Lyra; Conceição Maria De Oliveira;

Alergia alimentar: reações e métodos diagnósticos

Abstract

Alergias alimentares são comuns e estão se tornando um problema de saúde por gerarem um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida. Caracterizam-se por um conjunto de manifestações clínicas consequentes de mecanismos imunológicos decorrentes do contato com determinado alimento. O presente estudo teve por objetivo apresentar uma revisão sobre a alergia alimentar e apontar os exames laboratoriais utilizados no diagnóstico. Esta revisão bibliográfica contou com 46 publicações entre 1990 a 2012, obtidos das bases Medline, Lilacs e SciELO. Os alimentos mais citados como causadores de alergia são: leite, ovo, amendoim, castanhas, frutos do mar e soja, sendo os principais alérgenos de natureza proteica. Para evitar a alergia alimentar, a mucosa intestinal precisa estar íntegra. As reações podem ser IgE-mediadas, não-IgE-mediadas ou mistas. Quanto aos métodos diagnóstico, eles podem ser in vivo com o teste cutâneo e os de provocação oral, ou in vitro, os quais medem a IgE sérica específica, a IgG, ou os basófilos ativados no sangue. A alergia alimentar é um problema não resolvido devido ao incompleto conhecimento sobre sua patogênese. Necessita de anamnese adequada onde os mecanismos imunológicos e os alimentos envolvidos serão apresentados. O padrão de referência atual para o diagnóstico é o teste de provocação oral duplo-cego controlado por placebo. Apesar de mais dispendiosos, os exames laboratoriais vêm se mostrando uma alternativa eficaz no diagnóstico de alergia alimentar. Porém, mais incentivo ainda se faz necessário.

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    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    3
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
3
Average
Average
Average
gold