This thesis examines the need for an architectural response to the worsening global ecological crisis. It traces the historical roots of humankind’s relationship with nature and identifies the underlying basis of prevalent attitudes toward the environment. A critical examination is then undertaken, of the traditional role of the architect as designer and professional. With regard to issues of ecology, the traditional model is found wanting, and a proposal is made for an new paradigm of architecture and urban design which will assist in effecting ecological sustainability.