
Copper-gold-pyrite ore types (with elevated pyrite content) are typically found in complex ore bodies which require a sequential flotation method to recover two products (copper - gold and pyrite - gold). Operating plants such as Telfer (Western Australia), Ok Tedi (Papua New Guinea) and Batu Hijau (Indonesia) use a lime circuit with selective collectors for efficient recovery of a copper product and a pyrite - gold product separately. The application of lime in the circuit is based on the presence of elevated and variable amounts of pyrite in the deposits and the emphasis on maintaining high-grade copper concentrate. The gold associated with pyrite is usually recovered through pyrite flotation from the tailing of the copper circuit. As a result of lime being applied in the copper roughers for pyrite depression in a high tonnage stream, increased consumption of pyrite depressants (lime and NaCN) is evident under these conditions. Information from literature has shown that the reagent consumption can be minimized by the configuration of the flowsheet. A simpler flotation circuit with lower operating and capital costs for treatment of such copper-gold-pyrite ores with an elevated pyrite head assay was sought in this work. After characterizing the ore, the objective was to apply bulk rougher flotation of both the copper minerals and pyrite for the copper-gold-pyrite ore at natural pH. Hence, no lime or other pyrite depressants were required in bulk roughing. The bulk rougher concentrate was upgraded in a cleaner circuit to reject the non-sulphide gangue and then the resulting sulphide concentrate was separated by depressing the pyrite to produce two products (copper and pyrite concentrates, both having significant amounts of gold). A standard test with a sequential circuit was applied to the same ore for comparison. The chalcopyrite and pyrite losses in the tailing from the rougher circuit were the same for both bulk and sequential roughing (less than 6%). In cleaning (bulk circuit), the effective pH for pyrite depression was about 11.8. The copper recovery was 70% (grade of 20% copper) and the sulfur recovery (pyrite product) was 80% (grade of 36% sulfur). These results approached those for the sequential circuit where copper recovery was 82% (grade of 20% copper) and the sulfur recovery (pyrite product) was 83% (grade of 36% sulfur). The observed effects of feed sizing on the liberation of the minerals in the rougher feed are discussed. Options for improving the bulk circuit results are also discussed. Importantly, the implications of various aspects of these findings for the bulk circuit are discussed with an industrial focus.
Mineral liberation, 091404 Mineral Processing/Beneficiation, Dilution cleaning, Sequential flotation, Elevated pH cleaning, Bulk rougher flotation
Mineral liberation, 091404 Mineral Processing/Beneficiation, Dilution cleaning, Sequential flotation, Elevated pH cleaning, Bulk rougher flotation
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