Human activities are driving global environmental changes that have led to the definition of a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene. Human impacts on the world’s oceans are increasing rapidly and affecting the movements, distributions, behaviours and physiology of many mobile marine species. Intraspecific differences in movements and habitat use further complicate our understanding of the spatial and temporal overlap of animals with these impacts. Elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) are being particularly impacted, with approximately one third of species threatened with extinction. This thesis uses animal-borne, biotelemetry devices to examine the differences in movements and habitat use, and the impacts of anthropogenic activities on a highly mobile, Endangered, elasmobranch species, the whale shark Rhincodon typus. The popularity of whale shark tourism has grown rapidly in recent years, with ~900,000 people participating annually. Although wildlife tourism can provide conservation benefits, it can also have detrimental effects on animal behaviour and physiology. Chapter 2 investigated the effects of what is regarded as “gold standard” regulated tourism on whale sharks at Ningaloo Reef, Australia, using biotelemetry data. The methods used for interactions and the levels of regulation, enforcement and compliance vary substantially at whale shark tourism sites. Ningaloo Reef has a well-established, highly-regulated tourism industry, but studies investigating its effects have, to date, relied on observations of broad-scale behaviour. High-resolution (1Hz) data from deployments of “Daily Diary” behavioural data-logging tags (DDs), over a three-year period (2019-2021), were used to investigate activity levels, tortuosity of movements, and diving behaviour of whale sharks in the presence or absence of tourists. The activity levels of larger sharks increased when swimming with tourists, and the movements of all sharks were more tortuous when tourists were present. However, sharks dove more and spent less time at the surface on days when they were not subject to tourism interactions and the durations of tourism encounters accounted for a relatively small proportion of whale sharks’ daily activities. These impacts of “gold standard” whale shark tourism would not have been apparent from purely observational studies, and as the impacts on the species may be substantially higher at other tourism sites where management regimes differ, we advocate the use of biotelemetry to standardise comparisons and provide greater insights into the impacts of tourism. Areas of the Indian Ocean highly impacted by human activities overlap with important habitat for whale sharks. Chapter 3 investigated intraspecific variation in movements and the threats to which these movements could expose whale sharks. Satellite-tracking data from 111 whale sharks from five countries (Australia, Mozambique, Madagascar, Qatar and the Maldives) revealed that sharks used mutually exclusive areas of the Indian Ocean. This meant sharks encountered different levels of anthropogenic impacts known to threaten the species, including shipping, fishing, pollution and ocean acidification. Findings suggest that aggregation-specific management of regional threats to whale sharks could be appropriate to mitigate threats to whale sharks at the regional scale, however multinational cooperation is needed to ensure whale shark conservation efforts are effective beyond national boundaries. The responses of organisms to climate warming are highly variable and complex. The effects on species distributions are commonly studied, however, many models do not account for intraspecific variation in thermal limits when predicting distributions, and because of the fundamental role temperature plays in biological processes, the effects of warming on the physiology of whale sharks could be substantial. Chapter 4 examined how sea surface temperature (SST) and zooplankton biomass (ZB) may affect the suitable habitat and energetic requirements of whale sharks now and in the future, using satellite-tracking data (introduced in Chapter 3) and the latest climate modelling produced for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Mean SST in areas where large aggregations of whale sharks are currently found is projected to increase by up to 4.8°C relative to the present, accompanied by an increase in energetic requirements, while ZB is projected to decrease. To understand how these changes may affect whale shark habitat, we compared whole-species and population-based distribution models, and found marked differences in their predictions of changes to the extent of suitable habitat. Investigating both the changes in suitable habitat and the effects on physiology elucidated the complex responses of this species to the consequences of human-induced climate change. By investigating the movement ecology of whale sharks in the Anthropocene ocean, this thesis provided novel insights into the effects of rapidly increasing anthropogenic impacts and the responses of the species to a rapidly changing world. This work highlights the importance of considering intraspecific variation when assessing the movements, exposure and responses of animals to threats, and demonstrates the utility of biotelemetry for achieving this. The information gained herein has the potential to aid in efforts to mitigate impacts that threaten whale sharks and provides direction for future research to further this goal.