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Air-Water Interface Area in Supercritical Flows Down Small-Slope Chutes

Authors: Hubert Chanson; Peter D. Cummings;

Air-Water Interface Area in Supercritical Flows Down Small-Slope Chutes

Abstract

In storm waterways, at dam outlets and in water treatment plants, high-velocity supercritical flows are characterised by some air entrainment. The entrainment of fine air bubbles and the strong turbulent mixing contribute both to the air-water transfer of volatile gases (e.g. oxygen, nitrogen, VOC). As a result the downstream water quality is substantially affected. The report presents new experimental data obtained in a 25-m long channel with a 4-degree slope. The same channel was previously used by CHANSON (1995b). The present investigation is focused on the air-water flow properties. The air-water flow comprises a region of low-air-content (i.e. C < 0.3 to 0.4) with a bubbly mixture structure, and a high-air-content region characterised by air-water projections and foam structures. The analysis of the new data provides information on the air concentration distributions, the distributions of mean air-water velocities, the bubble chord length distributions and the air-water interface area. The results indicate a broad spectrum of bubble sizes extending over several orders of magnitude. The cumulative distributions of chord lengths follow approximately a Log-Normal distribution, Although the amount of entrained air is relatively small (i.e. typically Cmean < 0.12), the specific air-water interface area can reach over 100 m2 per unit volume of air and water. The study confirms the significant contribution of air entrainment to air-water gas transfer in supercritical chute flows.

Country
Australia
Related Organizations
Keywords

supercrtiical flow, 690, 290000 Engineering and Technology, open channel flow, 290299 Aerospace Engineering not elsewhere classified, 260502 Surfacewater Hydrology, 290799 Resources Engineering not elsewhere classified, 291801 Fluidization and Fluid Mechanics, Flooding, etc.), small gradients, 290105 Other Industrial Biotechnology, Irrigation, air-water interface area, 290601 Chemical Engineering Design, experimental measurements, 291100 Environmental Engineering, 290501 Mechanical Engineering, 290802 Water and Sanitary Engineering, Quality, bubble size distributions, 290800 Civil Engineering, flat slopes, 300100 Soil and Water Sciences, air bubble entrainment, 240502 Fluid Physics, 290699 Chemical Engineering not elsewhere classified, 300105 Applied Hydrology (Drainage, 291101 Environmental Engineering Modelling

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
5
Average
Average
Average
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