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Sari Pediatri
Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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Sari Pediatri
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Sari Pediatri
Article . 2016
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Imunogenitas dan Keamanan Vaksin DPT Setelah Imunisasi Dasar

Authors: Eddy Fadlyana; Suganda Tanuwidjaja; Kusnandi Rusmil; Meita Dhamayanti; Lina H Soemara; R Dharmayanti;

Imunogenitas dan Keamanan Vaksin DPT Setelah Imunisasi Dasar

Abstract

Imunisasi difteria, pertusis dan tetanus (DPT) telah lama masuk ke dalam programimunisasi nasional di Indonesia dan telah terbukti menurunkan angka kejadian maupunkematian yang disebabkan penyakit difteria, pertusis dan tetanus. Tujuan penelitian iniuntuk melakukan evaluasi status kekebalan dan faktor keamanan terhadap penyakitdifteria dan tetanus pada bayi yang mendapat imunisasi dasar DPT. Seratus enam puluhsubjek bayi sehat yang dipilih secara random, dilakukan imunisasi secara intramuskulardengan dosis 0,5 ml sebanyak 3 kali pada umur 2, 3 dan 4 bulan, menggunakan vaksinDPT buatan PT. Bio-Farma Bandung. Penentuan titer antibodi difteria dan tetanusdilakukan sebelum dilakukan imunisasi dan 1 bulan setelah imunisasi ke-1, 2 dan 3,menggunakan metode ELISA. Apabila hasilnya < 0,01 IU/ml disebut kelompok rentandan bila > 0,1 IU/ml disebut mempunyai kekebalan lengkap. Kejadian reaksi lokal(nyeri, kemerahan, bengkak, penebalan) dan sistemik (demam, iritabilitas) pasca imunisasidicatat dalam buku catatan harian ibu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebelum dilakukanimunisasi 57% subjek sudah tidak mempunyai perlindungan terhadap difteri dan 6%sudah tidak mempunyai perlindungan terhadap tetanus. Terhadap difteria, rata-ratageometrik titer (GMT) sebelum dan setelah mendapat imunisasi ke-1, 2 dan 3,memberikan hasil berturut-turut 0,008; 0,005; 0,038; dan 0,217 IU/ml; sedang jumlahsubjek yang mempunyai titer > 0,01 IU/ml berturut-turut adalah 44, 28, 44 dan 80%.Terhadap tetanus, rata-rata geometrik titer (GMT) sebelum dan setelah mendapatimunisasi ke-1, 2 dan 3, memberikan hasil berturut-turut: 0,420; 0,273; 0,213; dan0,758 IU/ml; jumlah subjek yang mempunyai titer > 0,01 IU/ml berturtut-turut adalah94; 91; 100 dan 100%. Selama periode penelitian tidak ditemukan adanya reaksi vaksinberat. Reaksi lokal (nyeri, kemerahan, bengkak dan penebalan) dan reaksi sistemik(iritabilitas dan panas) sebagian besar dengan derajat ringan yang selanjutnya menghilangtanpa gejala sisa. Walaupun imunisasi DPT memberikan hasil kekebalan yang tinggidan aman diberikan, namun pada kelompok yang masih rentan perlu mendapat perhatian.

Keywords

imunisasi DPT, R, Medicine, respons imun, Pediatrics, keamanan vaksin, RJ1-570

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    influence
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
gold