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Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC SA
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Article . 2023
Data sources: GREDOS
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Las dictaduras militares de Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Uruguay y la justicia transicional

The Military Dictatorships of Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay and Transitional Justice
Authors: Ignacio Berdugo Gómez De La Torre;

Las dictaduras militares de Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Uruguay y la justicia transicional

Abstract

El marco de la Guerra Fría, de la Revolución cubana y de la propia situación social y política de Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Uruguay llevó en las décadas de los sesenta y setenta del pasado siglo a que hubiera en estos países dictaduras militares, caracterizadas por una política de sistemática lesión de los derechos humanos y de eliminación física de los calificados por ellos como subversivos, y por pretender, sin éxito, una institucionalización de una distinta estructura de modelos de Estado. Tras el examen de estos puntos y analizados comparativamente, se aborda el fin de estas dictaduras y los obstáculos jurídicos, autoamnistías y amnistías, creados para evitar la depuración de responsabilidades por los delitos cometidos. En la segunda parte de este estudio se analiza la situación de justicia transicional en cada uno de los países objeto de este examen, con el denominador común de superar y derribar los obstáculos jurídicos creados por los gobiernos militares. Para poderlo llevar a cabo, abordan, siguiendo el modelo argentino, una primera e inevitable fase de “Comisiones de la verdad” para conocer la realidad y derribar la “historia oficial” y una segunda fase de enjuiciamiento de los responsables con distinto alcance en cada uno de los países estudiados. En todo el proceso de justicia transicional todavía no concluido está siempre presente la tensión entre exigencias políticas e imperativos de justicia. A destacar en esta justicia transicional la importante contribución de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y cómo estamos ante una nueva fase en la evolución del Derecho penal internacional.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

dictaduras militares en Am?rica Latina, Military dictatorships in Latin America, dictaduras militares en América Latina, Corte Interamericana, justicia transicional, Transitional justice, International crimes, delitos internacionales, 5605.05 Derecho Penal, Comisiones de la verdad, Truth commissions, Inter-American Court

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    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
3
Top 10%
Average
Average
gold