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PLoS Biology
Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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PLoS Biology
Article . 2024
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PLoS Biology
Article . 2024
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A cytoplasmic form of EHMT1N methylates viral proteins to enable inclusion body maturation and efficient viral replication

Authors: Kriti Kestur Biligiri; Nishi Raj Sharma; Abhishek Mohanty; Debi Prasad Sarkar; Praveen Kumar Vemula; Shravanti Rampalli;

A cytoplasmic form of EHMT1N methylates viral proteins to enable inclusion body maturation and efficient viral replication

Abstract

Protein lysine methyltransferases (PKMTs) methylate histone and non-histone proteins to regulate biological outcomes such as development and disease including viral infection. While PKMTs have been extensively studied for modulating the antiviral responses via host gene regulation, their role in methylation of proteins encoded by viruses and its impact on host–pathogen interactions remain poorly understood. In this study, we discovered distinct nucleo-cytoplasmic form of euchromatic histone methyltransferase 1 (EHMT1N/C), a PKMT, that phase separates into viral inclusion bodies (IBs) upon cytoplasmic RNA-virus infection (Sendai Virus). EHMT1N/C interacts with cytoplasmic EHMT2 and methylates SeV-Nucleoprotein upon infection. Elevated nucleoprotein methylation during infection correlated with coalescence of small IBs into large mature platforms for efficient replication. Inhibition of EHMT activity by pharmacological inhibitors or genetic depletion of EHMT1N/C reduced the size of IBs with a concomitant reduction in replication. Additionally, we also found that EHMT1 condensation is not restricted to SeV alone but was also seen upon pathogenic RNA viral infections caused by Chandipura and Dengue virus. Collectively, our work elucidates a new mechanism by which cytoplasmic EHMT1 acts as proviral host factor to regulate host–pathogen interaction.

Keywords

Viral Proteins, Cytoplasm, HEK293 Cells, QH301-705.5, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Humans, Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase, Biology (General), Virus Replication, Methylation, Research Article, Inclusion Bodies, Viral

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
4
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green
gold