
This paper, being a presentation of laboratory imaging ESCA instrumentation, will begin with a brief historical review of the various methods that have been used in the past to generate X-ray induced photoelectron images of surfaces using fairly standard laboratory ESCA equipment.
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 0 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
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| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |
