Arguably one of the most important discoveries in the history of human being is the detection of a planet orbiting a main sequence star beyond the solar system. By the time Science celebrated its 125th anniversary, ~150 exoplanets have been discovered. However, there was no known habitable exoplanet. Neither was it clear whether there is habitable environment in the solar system beyond the Earth. Thus the possibility to “listen” to radio signals emitted by extraterrestrial intelligence was a focus of the 11th science question “Are we alone in the universe?”. We equally care about the 56th question “Is/Was there life elsewhere in the solar system?”. In this essay we discuss the following 4 aspects: (1) non-carbon-based life; (2) habitability of solar system planets/moons; (3) habitability of exoplanets; (4) prospects of detecting habitable environments and extraterrestrial life.