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Commemorating the “Living Torch of Freedom”: Searching for a Usable Past in Romas Kalanta’s 1972 Self-Immolation

Authors: Amanda Swain;

Commemorating the “Living Torch of Freedom”: Searching for a Usable Past in Romas Kalanta’s 1972 Self-Immolation

Abstract

SUMMARY: In 1972, nineteen-year-old Romas Kalanta set himself on fire in Soviet Lithuania leaving a note saying, “only the system is responsible for my death.” Kalanta’s “dead body” was employed by the Lithuanian popular front Sąjūdis in 1989 as a powerful symbol of the nation’s oppression and suffering under Soviet rule. Just over a decade later, however, Kalanta was no longer useful as a national symbol, primarily due to the manner of his death. By 2002, Kalanta’s act of suicide discouraged rather than encouraged identification with him, and the issue of mental illness continued to taint his potential as a national hero. Instead, emphasis shifted to the street demonstrations by young people that followed his funeral. In this case, the live bodies of young people engaged in popular protest became a more powerful symbol than Kalanta, as Lithuanians claimed the moral value of civil resistance and a “Sixties” youth culture with the West. В 1972 г. девятнадцатилетний Ромас Каланта, житель советской Лит-вы, совершил самосожжение. В оставленной им записке говорилось: “Только систему следует винить в моей смерти”. В 1989 г. литовский народный фронт “Саюдис” превратил “мертвое тело” Каланты в важ-ный символ национального притеснения и страданий при советской власти. Однако уже через десять лет фигура Каланты потеряла значи-мость национального символа. К 2002 г. факт самоубийства осложнял идентификацию с ним, а подозрения в психическом расстройстве Ка-ланты бросали пятно на его потенциал национального героя. Теперь акцент делался на уличных демонстрациях, организованных молодыми людьми после похорон Каланты. По мере того, как литовцы осозна-вали моральную ценность гражданского сопротивления и начинали ассоциировать молодежную культуру 1960-х с “Западом”, живые тела молодых людей, участвовавших в протестах, приобретали большую символическую значимость, чем мертвое тело Каланты.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Average
Average
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