Pre-1941: Novaia Praga, town and raion center, Kirovograd oblast’, Ukrainian SSR; 1941–1944: Nowaja Praga, Rayon center, Gebiet Adshamka, Generalkommissariat Nikolajew; post-1991: Nova Praha, Oleksandriia raion, Kirovohrad oblast’, Ukraine Novaia Praga is located about 50 kilometers (31 miles) east-northeast of Kirovograd. According to the 1939 census, 113 Jews (1.2 percent of the total population) lived in Novaia Praga, and another 57 lived in the villages of what was then the Novaia Praga raion.1 At the start of August 1941, six weeks after the German invasion of the USSR on June 22, German armed forces occupied the town. Part of the Jewish population was able to evacuate to the east. Men of eligible age were drafted into the Red Army or enlisted voluntarily. Less than one third of the pre-war Jewish population remained in Novaia Praga at the start of the German occupation. In the summer and fall of 1941, a German military commandant’s office (Ortskommandantur) governed the town. ...