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Thesis . 2014
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Zonguldak Bölgesi PM10 Konsantrasyonu Dağılımının Modellenmesi

Authors: Zeydan, Özgür;

Zonguldak Bölgesi PM10 Konsantrasyonu Dağılımının Modellenmesi

Abstract

Hava kirliliği, Zonguldak şehir merkezindeki en önemli çevre problemidir. Konutlarda ısınma amacıyla ve termik santrallerde de elektrik üretiminde kullanılan taş kömürü nedeniyle partikül madde (PM10) başlıca hava kirleticisidir. Çalışma alanında daha önceden PM10 ile ilgili yapılmış çalışmalar mevcuttur. Ancak hiçbirisi kirleticinin mekansal dağılımı ile ilgili değildir. Yapılan bu hava kalitesi modelleme çalışması literatürdeki bu eksikliği gidermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Öncelikle, 2008 ile 2013 yılları arasındaki PM10 ölçüm kayıtları analiz edilmiştir. Bunun sonucunda, hava kalitesi standartları daha sıkı hale gelmeye başladıkça, çalışma alanındaki hava kalitesinin daha kirli sayılabileceği ortaya çıkmıştır. Daha sonra, noktasal, çizgisel ve alansal kaynaklar için detaylı bir PM10 emisyon envanteri hazırlanmıştır. Emisyon envanteri sonucunda 2710,22 ton/yıl PM10'un çalışma alanındaki tüm kaynaklardan atmosfere salındığı hesaplanmıştır. Toplam emisyonun % 60,83'ü (1648,74 ton/yıl) sanayi tesislerinden (termik santraller), % 38,27'si ısınma amaçlı yakıt tüketilmesinden ve sadece % 0,89'u (24,20 ton/yıl) da ulaşımdan (motorlu taşıtlar ve gemiler) kaynaklanmaktadır. Ardından, çalışma alanındaki hava kalitesi PM10 için üç farklı hava kalitesi modeli ile modellenmiştir: ISCST3, AERMOD ve CALPUFF. Her bir model ile sanayi, ulaşım, ısınma ve tüm kaynaklar için partikül madde konsantrasyonunun dağılım haritaları oluşturulmuştur. Modelleme çalışmasının sonucunda Bahçelievler, Terakki, Meşrutiyet, Mithatpaşa, Fatih ve Kuzyaka mahallelerinin partikül madde kirliliğinden en çok etkilenen mahalleler olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Modellerin performans analizi sonuçlarına göre, CALPUFF modeli diğer modellere kıyasla daha iyi sonuçlar göstermiştir. Hava kalitesi modelleme çalışması sonucunda temiz hava planının oluşturulabilmesi için birtakım önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Air pollution is the most important environmental problem in Zonguldak city center. Since bituminous coal is used for domestic heating in houses and generating electricity in thermal power plants, particulate matter (PM10) is the leading air pollutant. There exist some previous studies in study area about PM10. But none of them is related with the spatial distribution of pollutant. This air quality modeling study aims to fill this gap in literature. Firstly, PM10 measurement records have been analyzed for the years between 2008 and 2013. It has been founded that, air quality in study area can be considered as more and more polluted when the air quality regulations becoming stricter. Secondly, a detailed PM10 emission inventory has been prepared for point, line and area sources. As a result of emission inventory, it has been calculated that 2710.22 tones PM10 / year has been emitted to the atmosphere from all sources in study area. 60.83 % (1648.74 tones/year) of total emission came from industrial sources (thermal power plants), 38.27 % came from fuel consumption for heating and only 0.89 % (24.20 tones/year) came from transport sources (motor vehicles and ships). Next, the air quality of study area has been modeled for PM10 by using three air quality models: ISCST3, AERMOD and CALPUFF. Each of the models have run to create particulate matter distribution maps for industrial, transport, heating sources and total source groups. After the modeling study, Bahçelievler, Terakki, Meşrutiyet, Mithatpaşa, Fatih and Kuzyaka districts are found to be mostly affected districts from particulate matter pollution. According to the model performance analysis, CALPUFF has shown better performance as compared to other models. As a result of air quality modeling study, some suggestions have been made for clean air plans.

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Keywords

Environmental Engineering, Çevre Mühendisliği, Zonguldak

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Average