Abstract Helium is one of the rare gases. It was discovered on the sun, and first was found on earth in quantity in natural gases from Kansas. It has unique properties which make it increasingly valuable to industry and science. Most helium on earth is believed to have originated from the decay of radioactive minerals. Although it is found in minute quantities in most rocks and minerals, the only important occurrences known in the world are associated with accumulations of hydrocarbon gases in the United States. These accumulations are centered mainly around Amarillo, Texas. A discovery in Saskatchewan, Canada, may be the first important helium accumulation found outside the United States. The geologic conditions optimum for the accumulation of helium in commercial quantities may be inferred from studies of known areas; ideas concerning the necessary conditions have changed in recent years. The discovery of additional helium reserves presents a challenge to the oil and gas producer. Under certain economic conditions helium may offer opportunity for additional profits to the petroleum industry