Thrust fault-related folds form numerous important hydrocarbon traps in sub-aerial and deepwater fold and thrust belts as well as in inversion fold and thrust belts. This publication presents 16 papers on new advances in the analysis and understanding of thrust-related fold systems including detachment folds, thrust-fault propagation folds, wedge thrust-related fold systems, and basement-involved fold systems. Case histories and examples included in this book range from the sub-aerial fold belts of the Tianshan of western China, the Zagros fold belt in Iran, the sub-Andean fold belt of Argentina, and the fold belts of the Spanish Pyrenees, Taiwan, Wyoming, and southern California to the deep water fold belts of offshore Brazil and the Niger delta. Theoretical, geometric, numerical, and analog model studies of thrust-related fold systems combined with new seismic and field case studies highlight the challenges and new strategies needed to understand and to explore for hydrocarbons in fold and thrust belt systems.